![]() ![]() The heliocentric model slowly replaced the geocentric model, because of its simplicity. retrograde motion, in astronomy, real or apparent movement of a planet, dwarf planet, moon, asteroid, or comet from east to west relative to the fixed stars. In the same way the retrograde motion of all other planet was explained successfully by the Copernicus model. This was what was known as retrograde motion, the backwards movement in the sky of some of the planets at times during the year. Due to the relative motion between Mars and Earth, Mars appears to move backwards from July to October. The Earth orbits around the Sun faster than Mars. The retrograde motion from the heliocentric point of view. ![]() The retrograde motion of planets with respect to Earth is due to the relative motion of the planet with respect to Earth. (iv) According to heliocentric model, the Sun is at the centre of the solar system and all planets orbited the Sun. Notes explaining planetary retrograde most of the time, planets appear to move eastward against the background of stars (prograde motion). In the pictures below, that corresponds to the points of reversal in the tilted horizontal motion. (iii) But Ptolemy's model became more and more complex as every planet was found to undergo retrograde motion. Whether the motion is in a loop or an S-curve, what determines when retrograde motion happens is when the component of the vector joining two planets that is parallel to the ecliptic reverses its direction of rotation. A combination of epicycle and circular motion around the Earth gave rise to retrograde motion of the planets with respect to Earth. To explain this retrograde motion, according to this theory, while the planet orbited the Earth, it also underwent another circular motion termed as "epicycle". This illusion occurs with comets, asteroids and any other bodies close enough to Earth to. The latter term is used in reference to the motion of the outer planets (Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and so forth). Retrograde motion is not a phenomenon that is exclusive to planets. (ii) Ptolemy introduced the concept of "epicycle" in his geocentric model. Retrograde motion should not be confused with retrogradation. This is called "retrograde motion" of planets. Solution (i) During the observation of motion of the planets it is in the night sky by naked eyes over a period of a few months, it can be seen that the planets move eastwards and reverse their motion for a while and return to eastward motion again. ![]()
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